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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(2): 245-257, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013737

ABSTRACT

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.


Resumo Este é um estudo transversal para avaliar a presença de anticorpos em ruminantes contra patógenos selecionados e associados a distúrbios reprodutivos em bovinos de quatro estados brasileiros, incluindo o agente zoonótico Coxiella burnetii. Os testes utilizados foram Teste de Vírus-Neutralização para BoHV e BVDV, teste de Aglutinação Microscópica para Leptospira spp., Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta for C. burnetii e Toxoplasma gondii, e Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática para Neospora caninum e Trypanosoma vivax. A soropositividade para C. burnetii foi de 13,7% com títulos de 128 a 131.072; 57,8% para BoHV-1, com títulos entre 2 a 1.024; 47,1% para BVDV-1a, com títulos de 10 a 5.120; 89,2% para N. caninum; 50% para T. vivax; e 52,0% para Leptospira spp., com títulos entre 100 a 800 (sorovares encontrados: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona e Icterohaemorrhagiae) 19,6% para T. gondii com título de 40. Este é o primeiro estudo que evidencia a participação de C. burnetii em bovinos associada ao Vírus da Rinotraqueíte bovina infecciosa e da diarreia viral bovina, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii e T. vivax em bovinos. Desta forma, futuros estudos devem ser conduzidos a fim de investigar o quão disseminado se encontra este patógeno em rebanhos bovinos brasileiros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Q Fever/veterinary , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/complications , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/complications , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Q Fever/complications , Q Fever/diagnosis , Q Fever/epidemiology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Trypanosomiasis, African/complications , Trypanosomiasis, African/diagnosis , Trypanosomiasis, African/epidemiology , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/diagnosis , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Agglutination Tests , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Trypanosoma vivax , Coxiella burnetii/immunology , Coccidiosis/complications , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/epidemiology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology , Neospora/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Abortion, Veterinary , Endometritis/etiology , Infertility, Female/etiology , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospirosis/complications , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Leptospirosis/epidemiology
3.
Rev. patol. trop ; 39(1): 7-19, jan.-mar. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560295

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em animais não vacinados e determinar os potenciais fatores de risco para a infecção em rebanhos bovinos no estado de Goiás, Brasil. Foram coletadas, entre março e setembro de 2002, amostras de soro de 3.533 animais em 888 propriedades localizadas em 232 municípios de Goiás. Essas amostras foram submetidas ao teste de soroneutralização e, em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se um questionário epidemiológico para investigar possíveis fatores associados à infecção. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do programa Epi Info versão 6.04. Adicionalmente, em 960 amostras soronegativas para anticorpos contra o BVDV, foi realizada pesquisa do antígeno viral, visando estimar a frequência de animais persistentemente infectados (PI). A soroprevalência para o BVDV foi de 64,0por cento em 784 amostras de soro e de 88,3por cento nas propriedades. Dos municípios estudados, 226 (97,4por cento) apresentaram, pelo menos, um animal/rebanho soropositivo. Em relação aos fatores de risco, apenas a idade mostrou-se associada à soropositividade nos animais, nas propriedades, nenhuma das variáveis analisadas foi considerada como fator de risco. A presença do antígeno viral foi detectada em quatro (0,4por cento) das amostras analisadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a expressiva disseminação do BVDV no rebanho bovino desta região.


This study was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a population of non-vaccinated cattle in Goiás State, Brazil, and to determine the potential risk factors related to the seropositivity. Serum samples were collected from 3,533 animals of 888 herds from 232 municipalities in Goiás between March and September, 2002. These samples were submitted to the serumneutralization test and an epidemiological questionnaire was filled out for each herd to investigate variables that could be associated with this infection. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 6.04. In addition, 960 BVDV antibody-negative sera were further tested by antigen-ELISA in order to identify persistently infectedanimals (PI). The seroprevalence was 64.0% and 784 (88.3%) herds had at least one seropositive animal. Two hundred and twenty six (97.4%) municipalities showed at least one positive herd/animal. Only age influenced the presence ofneutralizing antibodies to this virus in animals. None of the exposure variablesanalyzed was considered as a risk factor for the infection with BVDV in cattleherds. Four (0.4%) of 960 seronegative samples were BVDV antigen positive. Based on these results, we concluded that BVDV infection is spread among cattle herds in Goiás State, Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Data Collection , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Risk Factors , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral , Brazil/epidemiology
4.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 41(2): 79-85, abr.-jun. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-634620

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to study the in vitro amplification of BVDV (Pestivirus, Flaviridae) field isolates from Argentina in MDBK, BoTur and BHK-21 continuous cell lines. Field isolates 99/134 (mucosal disease), 00/693 (mucosal disease), 04P7016 (respiratory disease) and 04/89 (mucosal disease), genotype 1b, were used and compared with the Singer and NADL reference strains, genotype 1a. Additionally, cell lines derived from explants of bovine testis (RD- 420), bovine uterus (NCL-1) and porcine kidney (PKZ) were tested as alternative substrates for BVDV propagation in vitro. The effect of cell line, harvest time and infection protocol was evaluated. The viral titers observed depended on the virus and harvest time but not on the infection protocol. We found that MDBK and BoTur cell lines were susceptible to the infection whereas BHK-21 and PKZ were not. NADL viral titers, 00/693 and 04/89, increased from 24 to 48 h p.i. in BoTur cells and then reached a plateau, whereas those of 99/134 and 04P7016 remained constant between 24 and 72 h p.i. BVDV Singer, on the other hand, presented a maximum titer at 24 h p.i. and then decreased. BVDV-NADL titers increased in MDBK and NCL-1 but not in RD-420 between 24 and 48 h p.i., and then decreased at 72 h p.i. These facts lead us to conclude that neither the subgenotypes (1a, 1b) nor the clinical symptoms of the animal from the virus had been isolated seem to affect the virus cell line kinetics of viral replication in vitro. On the other hand, the most homogenous behavior, the most similar replication curves, and highest titers observed in MDBK and NCL-1 seem to indicate that these lines are generally more susceptible to BVDV replication.


Se estudió la interacción de aislamientos de campo de Argentina del VDVB (Pestivirus, Flaviridae) en las líneas celulares continuas MDBK, BoTur y BHK-21. Se utilizaron los virus de campo genotipo 1b, 99/134, 00/693 (casos compatibles con enfermedad de las mucosas) y 04P7016 (cuadro respiratorio) y las cepas de referencia genotipo 1a Singer y NADL. Además se evaluó la interacción de VDVB-NADL con las líneas celulares experimentales de bovino RD-420 y NCL-1 y de riñón porcino (PKZ). Se usaron 2 protocolos de infección. Los títulos virales observados dependieron del virus y del tiempo de infección y no así del modo de infección. Mientras que MDBK y BoTur resultaron susceptibles a la infección, BHK-21 y PKZ no lo fueron. Los virus NADL, 00/693 y 04/89 incrementaron su título entre las 24 y las 48 h p.i. en BoTur para mantenerlo posteriormente; los virus 99/134 y 04P7016 no presentaron variaciones y la cepa Singer presentó título máximo a las 24 h p.i para luego descender. La cinética del virus NADL en las células MDBK, RD-420 y NCL-1 tuvo un incremento de título para MDBK y NCL-1 entre las 24 y 48 h p.i que descendió a las 72 h p.i. La interacción virus-línea celular no estaría relacionada con el sub-genotipo del virus (1a o 1b), ni con el cuadro clínico; las células MDBK y NCL-1 serían más susceptibles a la replicación del VDVB.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cricetinae , Dogs , Female , Male , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/virology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/growth & development , Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Bovine/virology , In Vitro Techniques , Virus Replication , Virus Cultivation/methods , Argentina/epidemiology , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Cell Line/virology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification , Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Bovine/epidemiology , Kidney/cytology , Mesocricetus , Organ Specificity , Swine , Testis/cytology , Uterus/cytology
5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 28(6): 285-292, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489054

ABSTRACT

São descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e diagnósticos de uma forma de dermatite associada à doença das mucosas (DM) em bovinos. Também são abordadas metodologias para a identificação de animais persistentemente infectados (PI) e o impacto nos índices zootécnicos no rebanho afetado. Os casos de dermatite associados com DM ocorreram em dois bovinos Nelore, de 12 e 24 meses de idade, pertencentes a uma fazenda de ciclo completo de bovinos de corte no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os sinais clínicos nesses animais consistiam de emagrecimento lento e progressivo, formação de crostas difusas na pele de todo o corpo, pele ressecada, múltiplas ulcerações nas gengivas e face dorsal da língua, que evoluíram para fendas longitudinais, formação de projeções cornificadas e desprendimento dos cascos. Em um caso, também ocorreu diarréia no estágio final da doença. Na necropsia observaram-se ainda erosões longitudinais no esôfago. O exame histológico revelou focos de necrose de coagulação na mucosa do esôfago e língua, com infiltrado de neutrófilos e linfócitos. As lesões da pele consistiam de necrose de coagulação da epiderme associada com infiltrado de neutrófilos e hiperqueratose. Nos dois casos, a suspeita clínica foi confirmada pelo isolamento viral e identificação dos biótipos citopático e não-citopático do vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV), além da detecção de antígenos virais em tecidos por imunoistoquímica. De um lote de 300 bovinos que tiveram contato com animais afetados, 38 foram testados e apresentaram altos títulos de anticorpos para o BVDV. Amostras de sangue coletadas de 1.025 animais jovens e 40 touros da propriedade foram submetidas a pesquisa de vírus para se identificarem possíveis animais persistentemente infectados (PI). O vírus foi isolado do sangue de três bezerros no teste inicial e, 12 meses depois, em dois deles que permaneceram na propriedade. Imunoistoquímica realizada em biópsia de orelhas identificou...


This paper reports epidemiological, clinical, pathological and laboratory diagnostic aspects of a form of dermatitis associated with mucosal disease (MD) in cattle. It also focuses on the methods used for identifying persistently infected (PI) animals and on the impact of the disease on fertility and weaning rates in the affected herd. Cases of dermatitis associated with MD were diagnosed in two 12 and 24-month-old Nelore calves belonging to a beef cattle farm that operates the full cycle of production (calving, rearing, finishing) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwest Brazil. The clinical signs exhibited by affected cattle 0included slow, progressive weight loss; formation of diffuse skin crusts in multiple body areas; skin dryness; multiple ulcerations on the gums and dorsal surface of the tongue which evolved to longitudinal fissures; formation of keratinized projections; and detachment of hoof horn. In addition, diarrhea affected one animal in the late stage of the disease. Necropsies also revealed longitudinal erosions in the esophagus. Histological examination showed coagulation necrosis foci in esophageal and lingual mucosae, with neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration. Skin lesions consisted of epidermal coagulation necrosis associated with neutrophil infiltration and hyperkeratosis. In both cases, clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation and identification of cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and immunohistochemical detection of viral antigens in formalin fixed tissues. Out of 300 cattle that had contact with the affected animals, 38 were found to be seropositive - in high neutralizing titers - to BVDV. Blood samples from 1,025 young animals and 40 bulls from the farm were examined for the presence of BVDV to identify potential PI animals. The virus was isolated from blood of three calves in the initial test and, 12 months later, from two of them which had remained...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cattle , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Dermatitis/diagnosis , Dermatitis/epidemiology , Dermatitis/pathology , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/diagnosis , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/pathology , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification
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